近年来，虚拟学习已成为传统课堂教学的替代方法。学生参与虚拟学习可能会对满足学习目标和计划辍学风险产生重大影响。在虚拟学习环境中，有许多专门针对学生参与度（SE）的测量工具。在这项关键综述中，我们分析了这些作品，并从不同的参与定义和测量量表上突出了不一致之处。现有研究人员之间的这种多样性在比较不同的注释和构建可推广的预测模型时可能会出现问题。我们进一步讨论了有关参与注释和设计缺陷的问题。我们根据我们定义的七个参与注释的七个维度分析现有的SE注释量表，包括来源，用于注释的数据模式，注释发生的时间，注释发生的时间段，抽象，组合和组合水平的时间段，定量。令人惊讶的发现之一是，在SE测量中，很少有审查的数据集使用了现有的精神法法学验证量表中的注释中。最后，我们讨论了除虚拟学习以外的其他一些范围，这些量表具有用于测量虚拟学习中SE的潜力。

Recent work has reported that AI classifiers trained on audio recordings can accurately predict severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) infection status. Here, we undertake a large scale study of audio-based deep learning classifiers, as part of the UK governments pandemic response. We collect and analyse a dataset of audio recordings from 67,842 individuals with linked metadata, including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test outcomes, of whom 23,514 tested positive for SARS CoV 2. Subjects were recruited via the UK governments National Health Service Test-and-Trace programme and the REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission (REACT) randomised surveillance survey. In an unadjusted analysis of our dataset AI classifiers predict SARS-CoV-2 infection status with high accuracy (Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under the Curve (ROCAUC) 0.846 [0.838, 0.854]) consistent with the findings of previous studies. However, after matching on measured confounders, such as age, gender, and self reported symptoms, our classifiers performance is much weaker (ROC-AUC 0.619 [0.594, 0.644]). Upon quantifying the utility of audio based classifiers in practical settings, we find them to be outperformed by simple predictive scores based on user reported symptoms.

Since early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been interest in using artificial intelligence methods to predict COVID-19 infection status based on vocal audio signals, for example cough recordings. However, existing studies have limitations in terms of data collection and of the assessment of the performances of the proposed predictive models. This paper rigorously assesses state-of-the-art machine learning techniques used to predict COVID-19 infection status based on vocal audio signals, using a dataset collected by the UK Health Security Agency. This dataset includes acoustic recordings and extensive study participant meta-data. We provide guidelines on testing the performance of methods to classify COVID-19 infection status based on acoustic features and we discuss how these can be extended more generally to the development and assessment of predictive methods based on public health datasets.

The UK COVID-19 Vocal Audio Dataset is designed for the training and evaluation of machine learning models that classify SARS-CoV-2 infection status or associated respiratory symptoms using vocal audio. The UK Health Security Agency recruited voluntary participants through the national Test and Trace programme and the REACT-1 survey in England from March 2021 to March 2022, during dominant transmission of the Alpha and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants and some Omicron variant sublineages. Audio recordings of volitional coughs, exhalations, and speech were collected in the 'Speak up to help beat coronavirus' digital survey alongside demographic, self-reported symptom and respiratory condition data, and linked to SARS-CoV-2 test results. The UK COVID-19 Vocal Audio Dataset represents the largest collection of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-referenced audio recordings to date. PCR results were linked to 70,794 of 72,999 participants and 24,155 of 25,776 positive cases. Respiratory symptoms were reported by 45.62% of participants. This dataset has additional potential uses for bioacoustics research, with 11.30% participants reporting asthma, and 27.20% with linked influenza PCR test results.

过渡到成年是许多家庭的重要生活阶段。先前的研究表明，具有智力或发展的年轻人（IDD）比同龄人面临的挑战更多。这项研究是为了探索如何使用自然语言处理（NLP）方法，尤其是无监督的机器学习，以帮助心理学家分析情绪和情感，并使用主题建模来确定年轻人IDD及其家人所拥有的常见问题和挑战。此外，将结果与从没有IDD的年轻人那里获得的结果进行了比较。研究结果表明，NLP方法对于心理学家分析情绪，进行跨案例分析并从对话数据中汇总关键主题非常有用。我们的Python代码可在https://github.com/mlaricheva/emotion_topic_modeling上找到。

会话数据在心理学中至关重要，因为它可以帮助研究人员了解个人的认知过程，情感和行为。话语标签是分析此类数据的常见策略。 NLP算法的开发使研究人员可以自动化此任务。但是，心理对话数据给NLP研究人员带来了一些挑战，包括多标签分类，大量类别和有限的可用数据。这项研究探讨了NLP方法生成的自动标签如何与人类在成年过渡的对话的背景下与人类标签相媲美。我们提出了应对心理学研究中提出的三个共同挑战的策略。我们的发现表明，具有领域适应性的深度学习方法（Roberta-Con）优于所有其他机器学习方法。我们提出的分层标签系统被证明可帮助研究人员战略性地分析对话数据。我们的Python代码和NLP模型可在https://github.com/mlaricheva/automated_labeling上获得。